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In positive psychology, flow, also known as the zone, is the mental state of operation in which a person performing an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and enjoyment in the process of the activity. In essence, flow is characterized by complete absorption in what one does. Named by Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, the concept has been widely referenced across a variety of fields (and has an especially big recognition in occupational therapy), though has existed for thousands of years under other guises, notably in some Eastern religions. Achieving flow is often colloquially referred to as ''being in the zone''. According to Csikszentmihályi, flow is completely focused motivation. It is a single-minded immersion and represents perhaps the ultimate experience in harnessing the emotions in the service of performing and learning. In flow, the emotions are not just contained and channeled, but positive, energized, and aligned with the task at hand. The hallmark of flow is a feeling of spontaneous joy, even rapture, while performing a task, although flow is also described (below) as a deep focus on nothing but the activity – not even oneself or one's emotions. Flow has many of the same characteristics as (the positive aspects of) hyperfocus. However, hyperfocus is not always described in a positive light. Some examples include spending "too much" time playing video games or getting side-tracked and pleasurably absorbed by one aspect of an assignment or task to the detriment of the overall assignment. In some cases, hyperfocus can "capture" a person, perhaps causing them to appear unfocused or to start several projects, but complete few. ==Components== Jeanne Nakamura and Csíkszentmihályi identify the following six factors as encompassing an experience of flow. # Intense and focused concentration on the present moment # Merging of action and awareness # A loss of reflective self-consciousness # A sense of personal control or agency over the situation or activity # A distortion of temporal experience, one's subjective experience of time is altered # Experience of the activity as intrinsically rewarding, also referred to as autotelic experience Those aspects can appear independently of each other, but only in combination do they constitute a so-called ''flow experience''. Additionally, psychology expert, Kendra Cherry, has mentioned three other components that Csíkszentmihályi lists as being a part of the flow experience: # "Immediate feedback" 〔 # Feeling that you have the potential to succeed # Feeling so engrossed in the experience, that other needs become negligible Just as with the conditions listed above, these conditions can be independent of one another. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flow (psychology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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